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12-Bar Jazz Blues Progression

The 12-bar blues with jazz harmony — a quick IV in bar two and a 6-2-5 turnaround that sends it home.

The Progression

Key of G major
Key
IIVVIiiV

Why It Works

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Questions about the 12-Bar Jazz Blues progression

How is jazz blues different from 12-bar blues?

The skeleton is identical: twelve bars, I–IV–V, dominant 7th chords. Jazz blues adds passing chords — the quick IV in bar two, a VI7 in bar eight, and a ii–V in bars nine and ten — so almost every bar changes chord and the form gains forward motion.

Why is the E7 chord not in the key of G?

The diatonic chord on E in G major is E minor. Making it E7 borrows a G sharp from outside the key, which creates a dominant that resolves to Am7 in the next bar. This kind of temporary dominant is one of the defining sounds of jazz harmony.

What scale works over a jazz blues in G?

G minor pentatonic and the G blues scale cover the whole form, as they do in a standard blues. To match the jazz changes more closely, target the chord tones of E7 and D7 when they arrive — the G sharp and F sharp in those bars are the notes the pentatonic scale misses.

Related progressions & chords

12-Bar BluesBluesii–V–IJazz G7ChordC7ChordE7ChordAm7ChordD7Chord