A C7 chord contains the notes C, E, A#. It is built from the dominant 7th formula 1 - 3 - ♭7, with C as the root.
When should you use C7 instead of C major?
Use C7 when you want motion rather than rest. The flattened seventh creates tension that wants to resolve — most often to F — so C7 works best as a setup chord rather than a landing point.