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12-Bar Blues Progression

The 12-bar backbone of blues, rock and roll, and countless jams — three chords, one form.

The Progression

IIVV

Why It Works

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Questions about the 12-Bar Blues progression

What are the three chords in a 12-bar blues?

The I, IV and V of the key — here A7, D7 and E7 in the key of A. All three are dominant 7th chords, which is unusual (normally only the V is dominant) and is exactly what gives the blues its gritty, unresolved sound.

Why are all the chords dominant 7ths?

In most music only the V chord is a dominant 7th. The blues makes the I and IV dominant too, layering that restless 7th tension over every chord. Your ear never fully settles, which is the whole emotional point of the blues.

What does the 4-2-2-1-1-2 mean?

It's the bar count of the 12-bar form: 4 bars of I, 2 of IV, 2 of I, 1 of V, 1 of IV, then 2 of I. Twelve bars total. That last V-IV-I stretch is the 'turnaround' that pulls the form back to the beginning to repeat.

Related progressions & chords

ii–V–IJazzI–V–vi–IVPop A7ChordD7ChordE7Chord